InnateDB: Systems Biology of the Innate Immune Response

Homo sapiens Gene: CAMP

Summary

InnateDB Gene

IDBG-32341.6

Last Modified

2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback]

Gene Symbol

CAMP

Gene Name

cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide

Synonyms

CAP-18; CAP18; CRAMP; FALL-39; FALL39; LL37;

Species

Homo sapiens

Ensembl Gene

ENSG00000164047

Encoded Proteins

IDBP-32343

cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide

Protein Structure

Useful resources

Stemformatics EHFPI ImmGen

InnateDB Annotation

Summary

PMID 19625657

CAMP represents a potent antimicrobial and cell-stimulating agent, most abundantly expressed in peripheral organs such as lung and skin during inflammation.

PMID 19748465

CAMP, a protein that has direct antimicrobial activity, serves as a mediator of vitamin D3-induced autophagy.

PMID 19812202

CAMP (LL-37) modulates IFN-gamma responses during both the innate and adaptive phases of immune responses, indicating an immunomodulatory role for this endogenous peptide.

PMID 19797203

CAMP has both antimicrobial and regenerative capabilities and promotes high glucose-attenuated epithelial wound healing via EGFR transactivation in organ cultured corneas.

PMID 18923446

CAMP is involved in various aspects of skin biology, including protection against infection, wound healing, and also in psoriasis where it suppresses apoptosis in keratinocytes.

PMID 18397922

CAMP induces endothelium-dependent relaxation in human omental veins, or vasodilation, mediated via an effect on endothelial ALX.

PMID 20042575

CAMP enhances delivery of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides to stimulate immune cells and this is independent of its amphipathic structure and its bactericidal property.

PMID 20036634

CAMP has dual function as an antimicrobial agent against bacterial target cells and a cell penetrating peptide that can deliver nucleic acids into the host cells.

PMID 20163451

CAMP decreases collagen expression at mRNA and protein levels in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and this inhibition is dependent on phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Vitamin C attenuates ERK signalling to inhibit the regulation of collagen production by CAMP in HDFs.

PMID 20190140

CAMP and human beta-defensins (hBDs) antimicrobial peptides induce the secretion of a pruritogenic cytokine IL-31 by human mast cells.

PMID 20610648

CAMP (LL37) directs macrophage differentiation toward macrophages with a pro-inflammatory signature and this requires internalization of the peptide, resulting in low production of IL-10 and profound production of IL-12p40 upon LPS stimulation.

PMID 19703986

CAMP (LL37) converts self-RNA into a trigger of TLR7 and TLR8 in human dendritic cells (DC), leading to production of TNF-alpha and IL6 and the differentiation of myeloid DCs into mature DCs.

PMID 21393634

CAMP (LL-37) attenuates lethal sepsis/endotoxin shock by suppressing the LPS-induced apoptosis of vascular and hepatic endothelial cells. LL-37 was found to inhibit the binding of LPS to the LPS receptors expressed on the cells.

PMID 21389264

CAMP (LL37) is found in high concentrations within neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). CAMP is a neutrophil protein that facilitates the uptake and recognition of mammalian DNA by plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and may play a role in Systemic Lupus Erthermatosus autoimmunity.

PMID 21441450

CAMP (LL-37) dramatically reduced TNFA and nitric oxide levels produced by LPS and IFNG-polarized M1 macrophages, in addition LL-37-treated M1 macrophages were more efficient at suppressing tumour growth in vitro. This demonstrates the selective ability of LL-37 to decrease production of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages, while leaving other crucial anti-inflammatory M1 and M2 macrophage functions unaltered.

PMID 21448240

CAMP (LL-37), at sufficiently low concentrations, is able to reduce fungal infectivity by inhibiting C. albicans adhesion to plastic surfaces, oral epidermoid cells, and the urinary bladders of female mice. The inhibitory effects of LL-37 on cell adhesion and aggregation were mediated by its preferential binding to mannan and chitin in the fungal cell wall.

PMID 21464330

CAMP (LL-37) translocates across the E. coli outer membrane and halts bacterial growth by interfering cell wall biogenesis.

PMID 21562230

CAMP (LL-37) confers protective immunity against psoriasis by neutralizing cytosolic DNA in keratinocytes and blocking the formation of AIM2 inflammasomes.

PMID 21762664

CAMP protects against colitis induction in mice. The increased expression of CAMP in monocytes involves the activation of TLR9/ERK signalling pathway by bacterial DNA. (Demonstrated in mouse)

PMID 21832078

CAMP expression is induced upon endoplasmic reticulum stress via NF-kB-C/EBP-alpha activation.

PMID 22031815

LL-37 (CAMP) reduces influenza A viral load and disease severity in mice.

PMID 23328115

CAMP (LL-37) is downregulated during septic shock.

PMID 26113114

(S)-methyl 2-(hexanamide)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoate (MHP) activates SPHK1 to stimulate CAMP production and enhance epidermal antimicrobial defence.

PMID 25884905

Cleavage of CAMP by cathepsins CTSS and CTSK impairs its antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID 26878866

Carbamylation of CAMP affects its bactericidal, cytotoxic and immunomodulatory function.

PMID 26351280

CAMP modulates the response of macrophages during mycobacterial infection controlling the expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.

Entrez Gene

Summary

This gene encodes a member of an antimicrobial peptide family, characterized by a highly conserved N-terminal signal peptide containing a cathelin domain and a structurally variable cationic antimicrobial peptide, which is produced by extracellular proteolysis from the C-terminus. The encoded protein has several functions in addition to antimicrobial activity, including cell chemotaxis, immune mediator induction and inflammatory response regulation. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]
This gene encodes a member of an antimicrobial peptide family, characterized by a highly conserved N-terminal signal peptide containing a cathelin domain and a structurally variable cationic antimicrobial peptide, which is produced by extracellular proteolysis from the C-terminus. In addition to its antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities, the encoded protein functions in cell chemotaxis, immune mediator induction, and inflammatory response regulation. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

Gene Information

Type

Protein coding

Genomic Location

Chromosome 3:48223347-48225491

Strand

Forward strand

Band

p21.31

Transcripts

ENST00000296435

ENSP00000296435

Interactions

Number of Interactions

This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 20 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.

Experimentally validated
Total	20 [view]
Protein-Protein	15 [view]
Protein-DNA	5 [view]
Protein-RNA	0
DNA-DNA	0
RNA-RNA	0
DNA-RNA	0

Gene Ontology

Molecular Function

Accession	GO Term
GO:0005515	protein binding

Biological Process

GO:0001934	positive regulation of protein phosphorylation
GO:0002227	innate immune response in mucosa
GO:0006952	defense response
GO:0008284	positive regulation of cell proliferation
GO:0019731	antibacterial humoral response
GO:0042742	defense response to bacterium
GO:0044130	negative regulation of growth of symbiont in host
GO:0044140	negative regulation of growth of symbiont on or near host surface
GO:0045087	innate immune response (InnateDB)
GO:0045766	positive regulation of angiogenesis
GO:0050829	defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
GO:0050830	defense response to Gram-positive bacterium
GO:0051701	interaction with host
GO:0051873	killing by host of symbiont cells
GO:0071222	cellular response to lipopolysaccharide
GO:0071224	cellular response to peptidoglycan
GO:0071347	cellular response to interleukin-1
GO:0071354	cellular response to interleukin-6
GO:0071356	cellular response to tumor necrosis factor
GO:0090382	phagosome maturation

Cellular Component

GO:0005576	extracellular region
GO:0005615	extracellular space
GO:0005618	cell wall
GO:0005737	cytoplasm
GO:0005829	cytosol
GO:0042581	specific granule
GO:0042995	cell projection
GO:0070062	extracellular vesicular exosome

Orthologs

No orthologs found for this gene

Pathways

NETPATH

REACTOME

REACT_121256

Phagosomal maturation (early endosomal stage) pathway

REACT_121237

Latent infection of Homo sapiens with Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathway

REACT_116125

Disease pathway

KEGG

hsa04970

Salivary secretion pathway

INOH

PID BIOCARTA

PID NCI

Cross-References

SwissProt

TrEMBL

UniProt Splice Variant

Entrez Gene

UniGene

RefSeq

NM_004345

HUGO

OMIM

CCDS

CCDS2762

HPRD

02722

IMGT

EMBL

GenPept

RNA Seq Atlas